Sunday, October 13, 2013

Zeebrugge Ferry Capsize

English Channel is one of the busiest sea route in the modern world. Thousands of people cross it every day. Many companies run ships(Ferry) across the route to transport people and their vehicles across this ocean's stretch. When a disaster struck such an ill-fated ferry this led to the worst maritime disaster in world history since the Titanic.

Belgian port of zeebrugge hustles with people throughout the year. It is a major destination for ferries crossing the English Channel routed towards this country. This port is built on shallow water and maintains a lot of traffic throughout the year.

“Townsend Thorensen” owned “MS Herald of Free enterprise” was en route from zeebrugge to Dover in England. It was to carry 80 crew members, 459 passengers, 3 busses, 81 cars and 47 trucks. At 5pm the lower deck started filling up with vehicles. After the lower deck was filled, in order to accommodate more, captain let some water into the lower hull in order to lower the ship's level and to let vehicles pass onto the upper deck.

The deck filling was completed in haste in order to cope with the departure time. A crew member named Stanley received a break and went to his chamber for a nap. However he had to perform a final part of his duty. He had to close the bow doors at the front of the ship which led the vehicles in. The ship started sail at 6:05 pm instead of 6pm with Stanley still sleeping in his cabin. Although it had its bow door open, with a hude opening at the front, it could have made it all the way to Dover safely. As you can see from the picture below.

The real twist lays here.

The captain and crew members feel a lot of pressure from company owners for the perspective of punctuality. In order to recover the lost time after around 12 minutes after the ship set sail, captain increased the speed up to 18 knots(maximum possible speed). And minutes later the ship was already sinking. Investigations show that within a speed of 12-13 knots the waves produced at front of ship(bow waves) always remained beneath the bow doors. But in shallow water of zeebrugge with speed of 18 knots created waves which reached up to the three-fourth height of the bow gates. As ship was already a meter lower, it let more and more water inside. With vehicles inside the ship inclined an angle of 30 degrees and due to buoyancy it returned back to initial position completing one oscillation. But due to inertia of motion, it inclined further more (point of no return) and capsized sideways onto an elevated terrain in the sea. Captain tried for a may-day call, but before he could do this, he got hit and got unconscious. This incident claimed lives of 193 people including crew. It turned out that the elevated ground beneath the sea actually acted as a Saviour by not letting the ship sink with people trapped within. This provided opportunity for rescuers to save people.
Zeebrugge suffered an ill fate. British government has made sure that such thing never happens again.


Always Be Prepared!! 

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